Geography

Nepal is located between China in the north and India in east, west and south, with an area of 147,181 sq. km. It expands from the Himalayan range in the North to the Indo-Gangetic lowlands in the South. Nepal’s topography can be divided into three major regions - the lowland Terai Region in the south, hills in the middle and Mountain Region in the north giving rise to a diverse geography that contains a variety of flora and fauna perhaps unrivalled anywhere in the world. These regions further are divided into Terai, Siwalik, Middle Mountain, High Mountain and High Himalaya.

The climate in Terai is that of the subtropical monsoon and the vegetation is mostly deciduous.  Siwalik, also called Churia Hills has elevation warm and temperate climate with forests of pine, oak, rhododendron, walnut and poplar. Kathmandu Valley and Pokhara fall into this region. Middle Mountain with an alpine climate stretches on 65% of the total land area with elevation ranging from 1,500 to 2,700 m. High Mountains range from 2,200 to 4,000 m and the High Himalayas surround the northern part occupying 16% of the total land area with elevation ranging from 4,000 to above 8,000 m. The region has arctic climate with perpetual snow. It is home to eight of the highest peaks in the world - Mt. Everest [(8848m], Kanchanjunga [8586m], Lhotse [8516m], Cho Oyu [8201m], Dhaulagiri [8167m], Mt. Makalu [8463m], Manaslu [8163m] and Annapurna I [8091m]. There is little or no vegetation with sparse populations of animals like ibex, snow leopard, bharal, Marco Polo sheep and perhaps yeti!

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